Farshaxanka Luqada Ingiriiska

ee Fasalka labaad

Fiiri xirfadaha uu ilmahaagu ku baran doono Farshaxanka Luuqadda Ingiriisiga, tusaalooyinka shaqada ardayga iyo sida aad guriga uga caawin karto.

Talo: dul rog icons si aad u aragto qeexida ereyada muhiimka ah

Tani waxay tusaale u tahay hanuuninta

2aad

2aad

La Soo Deg Hagaha

Rajada Ardayda

Inta lagu guda jiro fasalka 2aad, ardayda waqtigooda  ugu badan waa in ay ku bixiyaan aqrinta, in ay si  qoto dheer uga fikiraan, wax qorida, iyo ka doodista  qoraalo tayadooda aad u sareeyso. Ardayda waa  in ay si madax banaan u aqriyaan (ayada oo ay la jirto caawintii loo baahnaa) ayna dhagaystaan  qoraalada dhawaaqa dheer loo aqriyo. Qoraalada  qaar waa in ay ahaadaan kalabar mala-awaal barka kalena aan mala-awaal ahayn. Qoraalada  waa in ay matalaan dad kala duwan, aragtiyo, iyo  aqoonsiyoay ku jirto codka aragtida tariidhiga ah ee  kumeelgaarka ah ee Dakota iyo dadka Anishainaabe.

Si aad u aragto dhammaan heerarka gobolka ELA ee fasalka 2ka fiiri halkan.

Ardayda fasalka 2aad waa inay fahmaan sida loo sameeyo waxyaabaha soo socda dhamaadka sanadka:

BARASHADA AQRINTA IYO QORIDA

 Ku hagaaji xarfaha dhawaaqa saad u higaadiso qorna ereyada inta badan si guud loo higaadiyo (ilaa 5 shibbane) 

Aqri qoraal la qeexi karo caawin la’aan si aqrinta ay u noqoto mid fasiisx ah

Qor jumlado dhamaystiran, oo leh higaad sax ah, xarfo weyneenta, iyo ku joojinta xarakada. Tusaale, istcmaal “. ! ?”

Si madax banaan oo nadiif ah u aqri qoraalada heeerka fasalka (Lexile 420–820, F&P: F–M, DRA: 12-38) oo  ay la socotto muuijin. Aqri 70-130 ereyo daqiiqadiiba. Ardayda waa in ay fahmaan waxa ay aqrinayaan.

WAX KA BARASHADA ADUUNKA LOO MARAAYO QAAB QORAAL

Weydii kana jawaab suaalaha ku saabsan sheekooyinka iyo qoraalada kor loogu aqriyo ayaga ama ayaga laftooda ay aqriyaan. Dib u sheeg wixii dhacay una sharax fikradaha muhiimka ah.

Fahan macnaha ereyada aan lagarneynin adoo  isticmaalayo sawiro, qormo, liis ereyo, Iwm

Wax ka qor wixii dhacay ama warbixinta laga bartay qoraalka. Ku dar ciwaan, hordhac, tusaalooyin, iyo dhamaad

How Students Learn To Read

Sidee Ardeydu Wax U Bartaan?

Wax badan ka baro cilmiga akhriska

FASALKA 2AAD  TUSAALOOYINKA ELA

Hoos waxaa yaal tusaale qoraal ah oo la badalii karo oo ah heerka fasalka 2aad (qoraalkan  waxa lagu muujin doonaa buuggan oo dhan iyo sawiro). Carruurtu waa in ay helaan  qoraallada noocaan ah ee la badali karo si ay meesha uga saaraan mashquulinta sida  lama filaanka ah ay kala kulmaan higgaada isla socota ee aan la baranin. Qoraallada  kuwan oo kale ah waa inay ku jiraan sawirro oo keliya hal ama 2 jumlad boggiiba.

1Shaqadani waxay ku salaysan tahay shaqadii asalka ahayd ee Core Knowledge® Foundation oo lagu  helay shati siinta hoos timaada Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  License. Tani sinaba ugama jeedo in Aasaaska Aqoonta Muhiimka ah ay ayidayso shaqadan.

Hoos waxa yaala tusaale heerka wax qorista ee fasalka 2aad Hoos waa tusaale heerka qorista fasalka labaad.2

2Tusaale qoraal oo lagu helay ogolaansho ka yimid ardayda saxiibadooda. “Tusaalooyinka qorista  ardayga” Gunta gaar, https://achievethecore.org/category/330/student-writing-samples 

Bandhigida mowduuca 

Ku joojinta xarakada dhamaadka jumlada waaa mid sax ah 

The Jumping Frog

“Dad,” Mike said, “you said we could have a fun bedtime tale this time. Have you got one that’s fun?” “Yes,” said his dad. “I’ve got one I think you will like. It’s a tale my dad used to like to tell. It takes place in the West a long time back in the past. The name of the tale is The Jumping Frog.”

Once there was a man named Big Jim who had a frog. Big Jim held the frog up and made a speech. “This here is the best jumping frog in the land!” he said. “This frog has speed. It can jump three feet

at once. You think your frog can jump? I’ll bet he can’t jump like my frog! In fact, I got ten bucks says there’s not a frog in the land that can jump as fast as this frog. This frog hops like the wind. This frog…”

Well, Big Jim would have kept on bragging, but, just then, a man in a black vest got up and spoke. “My name is Pete. I’m not from here,” said the man. “And I do not have a frog. But if I did, I would take the bet and race your frog.” “Well, shucks,” said Big Jim. “That’s not a problem. Here, take my frog. I’ll run down to the stream and catch you a frog so we each have a frog to compete in the race.” Big Jim handed his frog to Pete. Then he ran off to the stream.

Mike’s dad was not finished telling the tale, but Mike had drifted off to sleep. He gave Mike a kiss and hoped he would have sweet dreams.1

PARTS OF A PLANT

How are the parts of a plant important? Here are some ways the parts of a plant are important. One way is that the roots suck nutrients from the soil so the plants can grow, roots also secure the plant in the ground, so it doesn’t blow away. Another way is flowers, seeds are kept in flowers, and the flower keeps the seeds safe. Stems are also important they carry nutrients through the plant.  Also leaves, leaves collect sunlight for food for the plant.  And last but not least, seeds, when seed gets in the ground the plants life begins. Those are some things That show how the parts of a plant are important.

Erayada kalal guurka iyo weedha (‘’one way’’, ‘’another’’, & ‘’also’’) waxay ka caawiyaan in ay abaabulaan xaqiiqda 

Isticmaal xaqiiqooyin iyo sharaxaad si aad u horumariso qodob walba, adoo sharaxaya waxa qayb walboo ka mid ah dhirta ay sameyso iyo sababta ay muhiim u tahay 

Waxay siisaa hadalo gabagaba ah 

HAWL MAALMEEDKA LAGU CAAWIYO BARASHADA 

Wax wada akhriya maalin kasta

Kor ugu aqri canugaada. Maalin walbo ugu yaraan  20 daqiiqo sii. Ka hadal waxa ay aqrinayaan, ka  doodayaan, iyo wax ka qorista iskuulka

Qor qoraalo iyo waraaqo

Hayso caruur u qorta qoraalo iyo warqado qaraabada

Aad maktabadda

Ka qaado kaar lacag la’aan ah maktabada Hennepin County mar walbana isla booqda

Dooro wax aad wada barataan.

Doorta wax la la isla barto. Aqri buugaag, onleenka ka  fiiri, wax isla sameeya si aad wax badan uga barataan  mowduuca la doortay. Waad caawin kartaa canugaaga in uu dhiso aqoontisa uuna jeclaado barashada.

Ku dar carruurta hawlaha maalinlaha ah ee guriga

Kudar caruurta guriga jooga ee maalin  

walbo u baahan aqrinta, sida cunta karinta,  

adeegashada, kala saarista iimeelada 

U samee jadwal joogto ah & boos shaqada guriga

Sameey jadwal joogta ah iyo meel lagu qaabeeyo. Si joogta aha u hubi canugaaga in uu dhameeyay shaqada guriga

La yeelo wada sheekeysi "book talk".

Hayso ‘’Buuga hadalka’’ wadashekeysiyada. Weydii  canugaaga in uu ku sheego fikradaha ugu mihiimsan  ereyo ay ayaga leeyihiin. Weydii canugaaga in uu ku  tuso meesha laga helo fikrad walba ee kujirta qoraalka

Ku dhiiri geli ubadkaaga inuu qoraal ku isticmaalo aduunka dhabta ah

Ku dhiira geli canugaaga in uu isticmaalo qoris dhab  ah. Tani waxaa ku jiri karta qoraal maalin walba ah, sida  liiska dukaanka, qoraalo, liisaska shaqada, joornaal,  buuga jawaabta, ama hal abuur qoraaleed kale.

Xisaab ee Fasalka labaad

Waxa ay tahay in ardaydu ogaadaan oo ay awoodaan inay sameeyaan.

Qaababka loola hadlo macalimiinta

Xidhiidh adag oo ka dhexeeya qoysaska iyo macalimiinta ayaa fure u ah hubinta ardayda inay helaan waxay u baahan yihiin si ay u guulaystaan. Ku lug lahaanshaha waalidku kaliya ma keenayso darajooyin sare iyo buundooyin imtixaan, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ka caawisaa ardayda inay yeeshaan kalsooni, dhiirigelin, iyo xirfado bulsho. Ogaanshaha su’aalaha la waydiinayo booqashooyinka dugsiga iyo shirarka waalidka iyo macalimiinta waxay kaa caawin kartaa inaad dareento kalsooni marka ay timaado wax ka qabashada baahiyaha waxbarasho ee ilmahaaga.

Baro Talooyin Isgaarsiineed

Sareeyaha waa tirada sare ee jajabka. Waxay ina tusaysaa inta qayb ee aan haysano. Hooseeyaha waa tirada hoose ee jajabka. Waxay ina tusaysaa inta qayb ee ku jirta dhamaan. 

Gadaal kgale waa koox xarfo ah oo lagu daray dhamadka erayga. Gadaal galaha wuu badali karaa micnaha ereyga. Ku darida ‘’less’’, dhamaadka erayga ‘’end’ (dhamaad)’ wuxuu u badalayaa micnaha ‘’aan dhamaad lahayn’’ gadaal galaha wuxuu kaloo badali karaa sida ereyga loo isticmalo. Magaca ‘’child’’ (canug) wuxuu noqonayaa sifo ‘’childish’’ (caruurnimo) markaad ku darto gadaal galaha ‘’ish’’. 

Hor-gale waa koox xarfo ah oo lagu daray bilowga erey taasoo badalaysa micnihiisa. Ku darida ‘’un” ereyga hortiisa “clean’’ waxay ka dhigaysaa ‘’aan nadiif ahayan’’. Hor-galeyaasha kale ee guud waxay yihiin ‘’re’’, ‘’dis’’, ‘’over’’, ‘’out’’. 

God walba oo tiro ku jira waxaa uu leeyahay qiimo saldhig u ah booskiisa uu kaga jiro tirada. Tusaale ahaan, nambarka 548, godka 5 waxaa uu ku jiraa booska boqolaad ee qiimaha booska, qiimeynta booskiisa waa 500. Godka 4, waxa uu ku jiraa booska tobnaad, qiimaha booskiisa waa 40. Godka 8 waxa uu ku jiraa booska koowaad, qiimaha booskiisana waa 8. 

Buugaagta leh dhawaaq iyo higad isla socoto ee macalimiinta ay horay fasalka ugu bareen. Ardayda way higaadiin karaan am ku dhaqaaqi karaan inta badan ereyada ku jira qoraalka. 

Adigoo isticmaalaya xiriirka xarfaha iyo dhawaaqa ee sida saxda ah loogu dhawaaqo ereyada. Tusaale ahaan, caruurta baratay dhawaaqa ingiriiska /a/, /c/, & /t/ way kala saari karaan “cat.” 

Markay ardayda baranayaan qorida, waxay qoraan dhawaqa ay maqlaan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in aysan si sax ah u higaadinin ereyada. Tani waxay macalimiinta ugu yeeraan “Higaad hal-abuur leh”. Ardayda waxay isticmaalaan iskuxerka xarfaha iyo dhawaaqa lagu baray iskuulka si ay ugu dhawaaqaan ereyo. Muhiimad badan malahan in aad higaad sax ah haysato. 

Buugagta leh dhawaaqa iyo higaada isla socda ee macalimiinta horay ugu bareen fasalka ardayda way kala saari karaan ama ku dhawaaqi karaan ereyada intooda badan ee ku jira qoraalka. 

Garashada dhawaaqa luqad. Tusaale, jiibta, shibbanesyaasha iyo dhawaaqyada kujira ereyada. 

Ereyadu waxay ka samaysan yihiin dhawaqyo gaar-gaar ah oo loo yaqano dhawaq ereyeed. Caruurtu waa in ay ku tababartaan garashada, soo saarista, iyo isku aaddinta codadkaan gaarka ah. 

Xirfadaha loo baahan yahay in wax lagu akhriyo, la qoro, iyo lagu hadlo. 

Awooda akhriska & qoraalka. Ardaydu waxay ku fiicnaadaan xagga akhris-qoraalka iyo wax-akhriska cad iyo tilmaamo gaar ah & qabasho ahaanba. 

Marka aynu naqaano kalmad anagoon ka dhawaaqin. Akhristayaasha wanaagsani waxay tan ku sameeyaan kelmado aad u caan ah ama erayo aan raacin “sharciyada” dhawaaqa erayada. 

Waa jajab sareeyaha uu ka badan yahay hooseeyaha, sida 7/6. 

Waa lambar ka kooban labadaba tiro idil iyo jajab sida 1 3/8 

Sareeyuhu waa tirada kore ee jajabka. Wuxuu muujinayaa tirada qaybaha aan haysano. Hooseeyuhu waa lambarka hoose ee jajabka. Wuxuu muujinayaa qaybaha kujira tirada ee shayga oo dhan. 

Waa koox ereyo ah kuwaas oo micnahoodu yahay wax ka duwan waxa ay luuqad ahaan sheegayaan. Tusaale ahaan: “eeyaha iyo bisadaha ayaa da’aya” micnaheedu waa “in roob mahiigaan ah da’ayo” iyo “jab keeg ah,” micnaheedu waa shay ay fududahay in la sameeyo.” 

Waa ereyada midba midka kale kasoo horjeedo micno ahaan. “Weyn” iyo “yar” waa kuwo iska soo horjeeda.

Ereyada isku micnaha ah waa ereyada micne ahaan iskumidka ah. “Weyn” iyo “xajmi leh” waa isku micne. 

Marka ardaydu wax u akhrin karaan si xawli ah, sax ah, ayna isticmaalaan astaamo muujinaya in ay fahmeen waxa ay akhrinayaan. 

Badi-dhecuhu waa tirada soo laalaabanaysa inta ugu badan ee xogta. Majiri karo badi-dhece haddii dhammaan tirooyinku usoo laalaabanayaan si iskumid ah. Waxaa jiri kara wax ka badan hal badi-dhece haddii tirooyin badan la arkay inta ugu badan inay soo noqnoqdeen. 

Kaddib marka la habeeyo xogta ayada oo laga soo bilaabayo kan ugu yar laguna keenayo kan ugu badan, dhexfurku waa qiimaha kujira bartanka xogta. 

Celcelisku mararka qaar waxaa loo yaqaan celcelis. Celceliska waxaa lagu helaa iyada oo la isku darayo dhammaan qiimeyaasha xogta kaddibna loo qaybinayo wadarta tirada guud ee qiimeyaasha. 

Bedka oogada sare waa caddadka banaanka kore ee qaab saddex dhinac leh. 


Xiriirka ka dhexeeya laba qaybood oo tirooyin ah oo aan isle’ekayn. Ismale’egyadu waxaa sida caadiga ah kamid ah lambar aan la garanayn. Tusaale ahaan, 7x < 28. 

Waa xiriirka ka dhexeeya caddadka laba shay ama kasii badan. Tusaale ahaan, haddii saamiga u dhexeeya wiilasha iyo gabdhaha ee fasalka uu yahay 12:15, haddaba waxaa fasalka dhigata 12 wiil iyo 15 gabdhood. 

Dhufsaneyaashu waa tirooyinka aad hesho marka aad isku dhufato tiro iyo tiro idil. Tusaale ahaan, dhufsaneyaasha 5 waa: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30…iwm. 

Isiradu waa tirooyinka aanu isku dhufan karno si aan u helno tiro kale. Tusaale ahaan, 2 iyo 3 waa isirada 6 sababtoo ah 2 lagu dhuftay 3 waxay lamid tahay 6. 

Adiga oo ereyadaada ku beddelaya jumlada ama baaragaraafka. 

Waa tibix qeexaysa xiriirka ka dhexeeya hal doorsoome (doorsoome madax banaan) iyo doorsoome kale (doorsoome madax banaan). Haddii fansaarku yahay mid xarriiq toos ah, kaddibna marka garaaf lagu sameeyo salaxa baraha kulanka, waxay abuuri doontaa xarriiq toos ah oo leh tiiro ma doorsoome ah. 

Qormo saynis waa qaab loo muujinaya tirooyinka aadka u weyn ama aadka u yar in si fudud loo qoro. Tusaale ahaan tirada 0.0000000000073 waxaa si fudud loogu qori karaa 7.3 x 10-12 

Xididka laba jibbaaran waa isirka tiro taasoo, markii isla ayada la isku dhufto keenaysa tiradii hore. Tusaale ahaan, 5 iyo –5 labaduba waa xidid laba jibaaranaha 25. 

Tirooyinka, calaamadaha, iyo shaqooyinka (sida + iyo ) la isu keeno kuwaas oo muujinaya qiimaha shay. Tusaale ahaan, y + 4 waa tibix, sidoo kale 3 − x/2 iyaduna waa tibix. 

Waa suurtagalnimad uu shay ku dhici karo. Ixtimaalka waxaa lagu muujiyaa jajab tobanle ahaan ama jajab laga bilaabo 0-1 ama boqoley ahaan laga bilaabo 0-100%. Tusaale ahaan, ixtimaalka tuurista shilin iyo in uu soo baxo “xarash” waa .5, 1/2, ama 50%. 

Caddadka goob 3 dhinac leh (3D) oo uu shay gali karo. Muggu wuxuu noo sheegayaa caddadka aan u baahanahy si aan shayga u buuxinno. Tusaale ahaan, caddadka biyaha loo baahan yahay si dhalo loo buuxiyo. Mugga shayga waxaan ku cabirnaa cabirro saddex jibaaran sida sintimitiro saddex jibaaran, injiyo saddex jibaaran, talaabo saddex jibaaran, iyo wixii lamid ah. 

Meerisku waa masaafada qaab ku wareegsan. Waxaa lagu helo iskudarista dhererka dhinacyada oo dhan. Marka la eego goobo, meerisku wuxuu s aamigal u yahay dhexroorka isir ahaan.π . 

Doorsoomuhu wuxuu u tagaan yahay qiimo tiro aan la aqoon oo kujira isle’eg ama tibix xisaab ah. Doorsoomeyaasha waxaa lagu muujiyaa calaamado (sida caadiga ah xaraf). 

Waa jumlad laba shay isle’egyihiin. Isle’egtu waxay inta badan leedahay laba tiro oo aan la garanayn (kuwaas oo loo yaqaano doorsoomeyaal) waxaana loo muujiyaa xaraf ahaan. Tusaale ahaan: 3b + 5 = 14. 

Kujibaarane waxaa loola jeedaa inta jeer ee tirada asalka ah la isku dhufanayo. 

Tibxaha isu dhigma waa tibxaha u shaqeeya qaab iskumid ah inkasta oo ay u muuqdaan in ay kala duwanyihiin. Haddii laba tibxood ay isu dhigmaan, haddaba labada tibxood waxay leeyihiin qiimo iskumid ah marka la galiyo qiimaha iskumidka ah ee doorsoomaha. Tusaale ahaan, 2x + x + x waxay u dhigantaa 4x. 

Masaafada lambar uu kasoo bilaabmo eber. Calaamadda “|” ayaa la dhigaa labada dhinac ee tirada si loogu micneeyo qiimaha sugan, sidaa darteed qiimaha sugan ee x waxaa loo qoraa |x|. 

|4| = 4 |-5| = 5

Astaamaha aljebra waxay qeexayaan qaababka kala duwan ee tiro la iskugu keeni karo. Ardayda fasalka 7aad waa in ay u fududaataa adeegsiga astaamaha aljebrada ee isu soocidda, isu aruurinta iyo kala soocidda. 

Hanaanka xisaab-faladu waa xeer noo sheegaya nidaamka aan u xalinno tibxo talaabooyin badan leh. Nidaamka aan raacayno waxaa lagu xasuusan karaa ereyada lasoo gaabiyay ee PEMDAS:

1. Parentheses (Bilo)
2. Exponents (Ku jibaaraneyaasha)
3. Multiplication & Division(Isku dhufasho iyo Isku qaybin) laga bilaabayo bidixda ilaa midigta
4. Addition & Subtraction(Kudar iyo Kajar) laga bilaabayo bidixda ilaa midigta 

Tirada lakabka ah waa tirada lagu muujin karo in uu yahay jajabka laba lambar. Tirada aan lakabka ahayn laguma muujin karo jajab ahaan. Jajab tobanluhu ma ahan tiro lakab ah haddii uusan waligiis dhammaanayn uusanna lahayn qaab soo noqonoqanaya. 

Baraha sallaxu waa sallax simman oo ay sameeyeen isgoyska xariiqa lambar taagan oo loo yaqaan dhidibka-y iyo xariiqa lambarka jiifa ee dhidibka-x. Kuwaani xariiqyada isku qotoma ee iska goynaya eber, bartaanna waxaa loogu yeeraa bar-boilowga. 

Waa xiriir u dhexeeya laba caddad oo kala duwan kaasoo hal caddad uu yahay ma doorsoome kasoo tarmay caddad kale. Tusaale ahaan, quraanjo kasta waxay leedahay 6 lugood, sidaa darteed buulka quraanjada, wadarta tirada luguhu waxay lix jeer ka badan tahay tirada quraanjada. Sidaa darteed, tirada luguhu waxay saamigal ku tahay tirada quraanjada. 


Jumlad soo koobid ah waa hal ama laba jumladood oo soo koobaya fikradda guud ee qoraalka. 

Luuqadda sharraxaada waxay isticmaashaa qaybaha hadalka si ay u noqoto mid xiiso leh, waxtar leh, saamaynna leh. Tusaale ahaan: “Dhogorta eygaygu waxay u madowdahay sidii dhuxushii.” “Waxay dareemaysaa buluug.”“Wuxuu ku dagaalamay awood libaax.” Ardayda fasalka 7aad waa in ay isticmaalaan mowduuca si ay u helaan micnaha luuqadda sharraxaada ayna ogaadaan in ay tani ka duwan tahay micnaha dhabta ah ee ereyada. 

Macluumaadka ku saabsan qof kujira internetka oo ay sabab u tahay hawshiisa onlaynka. Arrintaan waxaa kamid ah baraha bulshada, sawiraanta, iibka onlaynka ah iyo dib u eegisyada, lambar sireedyada, iyo rukumashada, iyo noocyada kale. 

Waa hannaan heer u samayn oo caan ah oo ay adeegsadaan ardayda, macalimiinta, iyo waalidiinta si loo muujiyo laba shay:

1) Heerka wax akhriska ardayga 2) Adaygga qoraalka

Waxaad ka heli kartaa tirada Lexile qaybta danbe ee buugga ama adiga oo ciwaanka ka raadinaya www.lexile.com. Heerarka lexile ee fasalka ku haboon: Fasalka 6-8 heerka 925–1185 

Sheegashada shaqada qof kale ama fikraddiisa in aad adigu leedahay. 

Tani waxay tusaale u tahay hanuuninta

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The numeric value of a digit in a number. The value of the digit is based on its position in the number. See the chart below for the number 4,367.082.